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JEP 449: Deprecate the Windows 32-bit x86 Port for Removal

Summary​

Deprecate the Windows 32-bit x86 port, with the intent to remove it in a future release.

Goals​

  • Update the build system to issue an error message when an attempt is made to configure a build for Windows 32-bit x86 (x86-32). The error message will be suppressible via a new configuration option.

  • Mark the port, and related port-specific features, as deprecated for removal in the relevant documentation.

Non-Goals​

  • It is not a goal to change the status of the affected port in any prior release. The earliest release to which this JEP could be targeted is JDK 21.

  • It is not a goal to deprecate any other 32-bit port.

Motivation​

  • Allow contributors in the OpenJDK Community to accelerate the development of new features and enhancements that will move the platform forward.

  • The implementation of JEP 436 (Virtual Threads) for Windows x86-32 falls back to the use of kernel threads and therefore does not bring the expected benefits of Project Loom.

  • Windows 10, the last Windows operating system to support 32-bit operation, will reach End of Life in October 2025.

Description​

An attempt to configure a Windows x86-32 build will produce the following output:

$ bash ./configure
...
checking compilation type... native
configure: error: The Windows 32-bit x86 port is deprecated and may be removed in a future release. \
Use --enable-deprecated-ports=yes to suppress this error.
configure exiting with result code 1
$

The new build configuration option --enable-deprecated-ports=yes will suppress the error and continue:

$ bash ./configure --enable-deprecated-ports=yes
...
checking compilation type... native
configure: WARNING: The Windows 32-bit x86 port is deprecated and may be removed in a future release.
...
Build performance summary:
* Cores to use:   32
* Memory limit:   96601 MB

The following warnings were produced. Repeated here for convenience:
WARNING: The Windows 32-bit x86 port is deprecated and may be removed in a future release.
$

Alternatives​

The alternative would be to continue to support Windows x86-32. This would require active maintainers who can provide a sustainable and performant implementation of Virtual Threads, as well as future JEPs, to ensure that the JDK on Windows x86-32 continues to meet the expectations of Java developers.

Risks and Assumptions​

32-bit JVMs are still used on Windows due to integration with 32-bit native libraries (DLLs). Their users cannot migrate directly to 64-bit JVMs because a 64-bit process on Windows cannot load 32-bit DLLs. While Windows x64 is capable of running 32-bit applications by emulating an 32-bit environment through WOW64, applications will suffer dramatic performance degradation despite the assumed memory footprint benefits.

We therefore assume that

  • Users can continue to run existing builds of the Windows 32-bit JVM to integrate with native 32-bit libraries and, if necessary, expose 32-bit functionality via remote APIs to be consumed by applications running on a 64-bit JVM within the same environment; and

  • Legacy systems are unlikely to migrate to versions of the JDK following the release of Java 21.